Hoover responded with a memo implying that the agent's career prospects depended on his supplying evidence to support Hoover's view that the BPP was "a violence-prone organization seeking to overthrow the Government by revolutionary means". [55] Attorneys for the Hampton and Clark families did not introduce any witnesses during the proceedings, but described the inquest as "a well-rehearsed theatrical performance designed to vindicate the police officers". One of the programs the party launched was the People’s Medical Care Center in North Lawndale that provided free health care to the community. As documented by the 1978 trial, William O'Neal walked into the Black Panther's office in November 1968 to enlist.
Mark Clark, the Minister of Defense for the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party, remained posted as a guard in the apartment. It is due to be released in 2021. Pascal Sabino is a Report for America corps member covering Austin, North Lawndale and Garfield Park for Block Club Chicago. It was reported to have been the longest federal trial up to that time. out.”.
While there, he met with the remaining BPP national hierarchy, who appointed him to the Party's Central Committee. But when will all if these this stop, in this day and age, some people still find it gratifying to deface the tomb Stone of the dead, it’s unfortunate and disgusting… I condemn it in all realms…. Kids know the lines are drawn: revolution is touching all of our lives. “He was a revolutionary committed to the freedom of black and oppressed people.”. The police shot him in the chest, killing him instantly. On December 4, 1969, in a FBI orchestrated raid by Hanrahan’s special squad, Hampton and Clark were shot to death. [55] Jury foreman James T. Hicks stated that they could not consider the charges made by surviving Black Panthers who had been in the apartment; they had told reporters that the police entered the apartment shooting. "[62] This view is also presented in Jakobi Williams's book From the Bullet to the Ballot: The Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and Racial Coalition Politics in Chicago. [58], The plaintiffs appealed.
"[64] The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried. Emphasizing that racial and ethnic conflict among gangs would only keep its members entrenched in poverty, Hampton strove to forge a class-conscious, multiracial alliance among the BPP, the neo-confederate Young Patriots Organization, and the Young Lords under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez, leading to the Rainbow Coalition. Since then, some have called it the "Massacre on Monroe" street.
[19], Hampton had quickly risen in the Black Panther Party, and his talent as a political organizer was described as remarkable.
The police broke in, firing 82 to 99 shots against the Black Panthers' resisting single shot, and killed Fred Hampton in his sleep. Michael Newton is among those writers who have concluded that Hampton was assassinated. The deadly raid served as a turning point as well. Owner Jim Higgins has offered up Club Lucky as a polling place on Election Day since 1990. O'Neal had drugged Hampton the evening before; when the police burst in with guns blazing, Hampton was certain to be among the casualties. "The reason I wasn't killed, because there were multiple bullets shot through my bed, was because Mark stood at that door and slowed them down long enough," Anderson said. ( Log Out / Either way, Clark's gun discharged once into the ceiling. [33] Then, the raiding team fired at the head of the south bedroom. “This was the Hampton became active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and assumed leadership of its West Suburban Branch's Youth Council.
“They tore down the actual building that was right there. Unlike the Chicago leader, however, Pratt was sleeping on the floor, the result of spinal injuries sustained in Vietnam.”. About the same time that Hampton was successfully organizing young African Americans for the NAACP, the Black Panther Party (BPP) was rising to national prominence.
Artists that have mentioned Hampton in their music include: This article is about the 1960s activist. At this clinic and others around the country, the Panthers screened thousands for sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease particularly prevalent among black people. [50] Civil rights leaders and spokesmen for the black community were reported to have been disappointed with the selection. The police broke in, firing 82 to 99 shots against the Black Panthers' resisting single shot, and killed Fred Hampton in his sleep. [76]. Author of FRAMED: J. Edgar Hoover, COINTELPRO & the Omaha Two Story. "The Black Panthers and the Assassination of Fred Hampton", "The Last Hours of William O'Neal (He was the informant who gave the FBI the floor plan of Fred Hampton's apartment. Hampton was quickly attracted to the Black Panthers' approach, which was based on a Ten-Point Program that integrated black self-determination with class and economic critique from Maoism. The police and the FBI were going to be certain that Fred Hampton was dead. [20] A total of nine police officers were shot; 19-year-old Panther Spurgeon Winter Jr. was killed by police, and another Panther, Lawrence S. Bell, was charged with murder. “The fact that neither the state’s attorney nor the police have been indicted for their roles in the planning and execution of the raid…raises disturbing questions about the degree to which improper police or prosecutorial conduct is presently subject to any orderly system of correction and control.”, “It is very difficult legally to justify the vast amount of shooting throughout the apartment by police when only one shot can be ascribed with confidence to any occupant.”, “The police who removed the bodies received their instructions from the State’s Attorney’s Office….By moving the bodies in the apartment from the locations in which they died, and then removing them from the premises entirely, the police on the scene severely hampered the coroner’s ability to perform his duty of determining the immediate and underlying cause of death. The police raid that killed two Black Panthers, shook Chicago and changed the nation The aftermath was fought out in the city’s newspapers, on TV and in the courts Chicago police …
[77], Jeffrey Haas wrote an account of Hampton's death, entitled The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther (2009).
Hampton's death was chronicled in the 1971 documentary film The Murder of Fred Hampton, as well as an episode of the critically acclaimed documentary series Eyes on the Prize. [citation needed]. Ten days afterward, Bobby Rush, then the deputy minister of defense for the Illinois Black Panther party, called the raiding party an "execution squad". We're gonna fight racism with solidarity. Afterward, as was typical, several Panthers went to his Monroe Street apartment to spend the night, including Hampton and Deborah Johnson, Blair Anderson, James Grady, Ronald "Doc" Satchell, Harold Bell, Verlina Brewer, Louis Truelock, Brenda Harris, and Mark Clark. Hunted by police in the deadly raid, Hampton remains a target for those opposed to his Black Panther advocacy. [66] In March 2006, supporters of Hampton's charity work proposed the naming of a Chicago street in honor of the former Black Panther leader. Later, the Rainbow Coalition was joined nationwide by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), the Brown Berets, A.I.M., and the Red Guard Party. You are correct that Pratt was not at central headquarters that morning.
Fourteen handpicked policemen, armed with twenty-seven firearms including a Thompson submachine and shotguns, converged on Hampton’s apartment at 4:45 a.m. Primary category in which blog post is published, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Lincoln Square, North Center, Irving Park, Learn more about Civil’s Credibility Indicators, City Warns Of Election Night Protests — But Few In Works So Far, You Can’t Drink In A Bar Right Now, But Some Can Vote In One At Bucktown’s Club Lucky Tavern, Coronavirus Kill 68 More Illinoisans And 6,516 New Cases Reported.
It began keeping close tabs on his activities.
Hampton was wounded in the shoulder by the shooting. Shooting went on for what seemed like hours,” she remembered. Along with family members, there were also Black Panthers who survived the police raid, including Blair Anderson. In this capacity, he founded the Rainbow Coalition, a prominent multicultural political organization that initially included the Black Panthers, Young Patriots and the Young Lords, and an alliance among major Chicago street gangs to help them end infighting and work for social change. The police stopped shooting momentarily after a Panther announced that Njeri was nine months pregnant. On January 21 they ruled the deaths of Hampton and Clark to be justifiable homicides. [58] Reinstating the case against 24 of the defendants, the Court of Appeals ordered a new trial. 50 Years After His Death, Fred Hampton's Legacy Looms Large In Chicago Chicago police officers shot and killed the Illinois Black Panther leader 50 years ago this month.
[37], At a press conference the next day, the police announced the arrest team had been attacked by the "violent" and "extremely vicious" Panthers and had defended themselves accordingly. first time any testing for sickle cell anemia was done. In a second press conference on December 8, the police leadership praised the assault team for their "remarkable restraint", "bravery", and "professional discipline" in not killing all the Panthers present. He felt remorse about the deaths. He credits Clark for saving his life. Even during Hampton's tenure with the NAACP, which began when he was 16, he was incredibly successful, seeing their membership grow from 100 members to 700 and organizing a protest that changed rules which barred Black girls from becoming homecoming queens.
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