application to enhance this as crime and criminalities has also gone digital. In much the same way, routine behavior "explains" how people avoid or suffer many other misfortunes. Essentially, the prevailing socio-existential conditions in northwestern Nigeria have complicated the security situation. But it has failed to bring about the needed respite, owing largely to the operational challenges arising from insufficient knowledge of the terrain. The main actors and factors in the conflict are the local Fulani people and their supporters from the Republic of Niger on one side and the local farmers on the other. AfriHeritage Research Working Paper 003. The study further revealed influence of kidnappings on hotel businesses as: reduction in guest patronage, decreases in profitability, increases in expenditures on security and high level of mistrust among staff. This study was underpinned by the crime pattern theory. The study identified unemployment, poverty, The effect of macroeconomic variables on stock performance has attracted considerable research interest due to the fact that macroeconomic variables interplay serves as barometer for the economy measured by stock performance. Some of the forests run alongside the diverse porous borderlines on the region’s frontiers. The picture shows armed bandits in Nigeria What Drives Armed Banditry in Nigeria The trajectory of such violence started with ethno-religious clashes and moved through electoral violence, farmer-herder conflagrations and most recently, armed banditry/kidnappings. The way forward, then, is the development of grassroots policing, enriched by local personnel and intelligence. Other specific objectives are to; insurgency, kidnapping and banditry in North West region. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the influence of kidnapping on hotel business in Ghana. and the international community can no lon, related agencies like National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). The study indicates that kidnapping for ransom is a criminal offence against the fundamental human right of citizens that would require proactive and prompt response of security operatives to curb. and Surveillance. The consequence of this is an abundance of nefarious activity, often facilitated by criminal syndicates. A committee set up to investigate the menace of armed banditry in the region, headed by Mohammed Abubakar, a former Inspector General of Police, reported that in Zamfara … ... of armed banditry activities in some parts of the state which is being aided by the people who are living mostly in the cities and providing information to the bandits in the bushes. This manuscript discovers that the rate of kidnapping in Nigeria was geometrically increased such that more than 2000 innocent people including Chibok girls. In continuation with effort to find a lasting solution to the security challenges that bedevilled Zamfara for over a decade, the Commissioner of Police Zamfara State Command CP Usman Nagogo psc+, along with other service chiefs opened the new year with a peace building meeting held at the palace of Emir of Shinkafi. crime control in Nigeria. Gov Matawalle orders closure of some strategic markets in Zamfara …Over rising Banditry “Stop Pushing Your Luck Too Far”, Buhari Tells Bandits. Borders are poorly delineated, under-policed and thus not well governed. This study examines the effect of selected macroeconomic variables on stock performance in Nigeria for the periods of 1983 to 2018 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag. Bandits terrorise villages with impunity. A., & Ogundipe, E. A. While some of these cattle rustling gangs are affiliated to local and transnational syndicates, a number of them are mercenaries of Boko Haram. Ashaolu, D. D. (2012). state actors, whose activities overlap in certain ways; acting on their behalf against predominantl, decentralised manner under local commanders’, involved in large-scale cattle rustling, kidnapping for ransom, armed robbery, pillage, and attacks, under a centralised command. They are motivated first and. However, to guard against possible excesses and abuse, people in these structures must be properly trained, equipped and supervised. Latest humanitarian reports, maps and infographics and full document archive. While some of these victims were rescued after paying huge amount of money as ransom, some of them were able to escape after being tortured or raped and others were incarcerated to die of mysterious hunger. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2275986. The federal government has recognised the apparent linkage between rural banditry and illicit mining. The victims are individuals and communities with material valuables. From sporadic incidents, Boko Haram began launching systematic attacks targeted at individuals, communities and, eventually, the state. shall be seen complimentary and effective. How is the current United States (US) counterterrorism (CT) strategy suited to combat the evolving threat posed by the Al Qaeda terrorist network? The general insecurity is, indeed, worrisome. Banditry and other causes of insecurity in northern Nigeria have been allowed to degenerate into a complex national emergency with dire territorial implications. Also, different self-induced and environmental factors were responsible for the exposure of commercial motorcyclists in Oyo town to victimisation. The Effect of Unemployment on Crime in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis, Kidnapping for ransom in Nigeria: Implications and quest for a permanent solution, Lifestyle and Routine Activity Theories of Crime: Empirical Studies of Victimization, Delinquency, and Offender Decision-Making. The general nature of this evolving body of theory will be familiar to most readers. The Federal Government yesterday banned mining in Zamfara state and environs, citing rising cases of armed banditry in the state. In this paper we present a "routine activity approach" for analyzing crime rate trends and cycles. of the University of Liverpool for the Degree of Doctor in Philosophy. In particular, we hypothesize that the dispersion of activities away from households and families increases the opportunity for crime and thus generates higher crime rates. Being a thesis. This is a region with many security problems, chief among them Boko Haram’s insurgency. The ascendancy of this insecurity threat is now becoming perplexing to several citizens, business people, foreign investors, law enforcement agencies and the government. operators on curbing insurgency, kidnapping and banditry in North West region. The study engaged in a qualitative study of relevant publications, governance through coordinated proactive economic and political policies and programs is a vital, tool to stem the economic hardship, political and moral decay which are all predictors of, for food security as the farming communities. A history of banditry in Zamfara and Kaduna. Department of Security and Strategic Studies, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Department of Sociology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Department of Banking and Finance, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. England: Institute of International Affairs Chatham House. Moreover, about 35 out of the 92 local government areas in these states have been affected. The region's abysmal literacy level, unskilled labour force, ungoverned spaces, overstretched poverty indicators, expanse of porous border and intense competition over land and water between predominantly Fulani herders and mostly Hausa farmers are all the needed catalysts for insurgency, armed banditry, budding jihadist activities, kidnapping and other violent crimes. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FP_, International Journal of Research in Art, 5, https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/getting-back-, The frequent occurrence of motorcycle theft has become a major cause for concern for many commercial motorcyclists and private motorcycle owners in Nigeria. addressing-foundational-weakness-affecting-law-enforcement-count. Routine activity theory was utilised as theoretical framework. Rural banditry in the northwestern states of Zamfara, Kaduna and Katsina has reached alarming heights in recent years. Motorcy, International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 1, Ordu, G. E (2015). also found them useful such that they became a factor in politics (Odinkalu, 2018). A variety of data is presented in support of the hypothesis, which helps explain crime rate trends in the United States 1947-1974 as a byproduct of changes in such variables as labor force participation and single-adult households. Discussion then turns to certain themes that have emerged in previous empirical studies. examining how to tackle this uprising and social menace in the North West region. 36 | 01 - 15 May 2021, Regional Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Lake Chad Basin Crisis – Monthly Dashboard #32, 21 May 2021, Situation Overview: Humanitarian Needs and Conflict Dynamics in Hard-to-Reach Areas of Adamawa and Borno States, July-September 2020, Flash Report | Population Displacement, North East Nigeria - Mafa LGA (Borno State) 19 May 2021. in proximity to the forest areas which serve as bandits locations to attack communities. But for the record, and for the benefit of those less familiar, this introductory essay briefly discusses the meaning of lifestyle and routine activity theories and sets the stage for the substantive contributions. (1978). Although in some respects the US CT strategy has delivered the intended results of its sponsors, a number of events in the past several years demand that the US government reorients particular aspects of its approach to transnational terror in order to stay ahead of its adversary in the global war on terror (GWOT). Some view the conflict as one of the effects of climate change, particularly decreasing amounts of rainfall, on the “scarcity” of arable land and pastures. can be a person or object that are considered by offenders as vulnerable or attractive. The study adopted survey design covering a cluster sample of 60 managerial staffs drawn from 5, 4 and 3-star hotels across major cities in the country. It is, therefore, recommended that efforts be made by government to create more job avenues to tackle the problem of unemployment and create public awareness of the citizen's safety and security. The most common examples of rural banditry in Nigeria are armed robbery, kidnapping, cattle rustling and village raids. Rural banditry in northwestern Nigeria also derives impetus from the poorly governed mining and small arms sector. Multilateral and multifaceted traits of the US CT strategy underscores the need to maintain and develop new and effective partnerships with institutions, organizations, and overseas states; but until the US government begins to look at the GWOT – not in terms of big-war paradigm, but instead as new type of war characterized by global insurgency – Al Qaeda and the Global Silafi Jihad will continue to punch above the capacity of Western democracies to manage their position in the GWOT and stay ahead of the game. as contribute to disparate quality of intelligence products. The success of the Civilian Joint Task Force, comprising local vigilantes and volunteer neighbourhood watchers, in combating the Boko Haram insurgency in the lower Lake Chad Basin shows the possible value of this sort of community policing. What people do, how they behave, places them at more or less risk of criminal victimization. As a result of perpetual injustice and corruption in Nigeria, kidnapping has now become the most lucrative business that can transform penniless to become rich in a blink of an eye. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The Federal Government yesterday banned mining in Zamfara state and environs, citing rising cases of armed banditry in the state. Kaduna State as a case of study. Community policing: Exploring the police/community relationship for It involves the use of force, or threat to effect, or to int imidate a Chidi Anselm Odinkalu, (December 27, 2018, “Banditry in Nigeria: A brief history of a long war”, The Punch. However, it was concluded that good governance still remains the key to resolving insecurity threat like kidnapping for ransom in Nigeria. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. the filtering and identification of crucial information more rapidly making it easier to monitor the, surveillance without being constrained by resources as f. the complete automation of surveillance using CCTV in public places. Banditry refers to the incidences of armed robbery or allied violent crimes, such as cattle rustling, village or market raids. The coalition during a press conference on “Banditry and Corruption with emphasis on Zamfara” held in Lagos, said the insecurity in Zamfara and other states in the North-West, if […] About 21 million people living in these states have been exposed to insecurity from activities of bandits. The outbreak of the virus in Africa has halted political, economic and social activities, including countering armed violence. Kidnapping, security challenges and obstacles to the control of hostage taking, Suleiman, A. O. productivity and opportunities for the people to earn a living. Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs. More importantly, households are in some cases separated by and interspersed with forest areas. This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet. curbing insurgency, kidnapping and banditry in North West region. Byman and Saber (2019) engaged thematic research approach to investigate Chinas, extensively engaged technological advancements; surveillance cameras equipped with facial, Community Participation and Policing Strategy and Curbing Insurgency, Nigerian police and her policing strategies especially in relation to intelligence-information, have extensively aided operations many times by the United States to. The Zamfara State Governor, Bello Matawalle, has vowed to demolish any house that is harbouring weapons suppliers or informants. They also act autonomously, sometimes in, another. The rural pastoral sector is not well regulated. Boko Haram insurgency in the Lake Chad region of North-Eastern Nigeria. Ojedokun, U. Readers interested in an exhaustive and definitive exposition or in a detailed critique of various formulations and tests of lifestyle theories will have to look elsewhere [see Garofalo (1987) for an excellent summary]. of seizing, taking away and keeping a person in custody either by force or fraud. It is, therefore, imperative to critically examine the extent of how 20190930_china_counterterrorism_byman_saber-1.pdf, The Journal of International Social Research, 17. strategy (NACTEST). Questionnaire was the main data collection instrument and data analysed through descriptive statistics. The acting Inspector General … greed, politics, illiteracy, rituals and spiritual proclivity as major causes of kidnapping in the country. them to the vagaries of security threats. Cattle rustling and armed banditry has become Page 3 of 25 a major problem in Zamfara state in recent times. The study found that foreign workers remittances, foreign portfolio and broad money supply have significant positive effect on stock performance while Gross Domestic Product growth rate has an insignificant effect on stock performances. Armed Banditry in Nigeria is mostly common in Zamfara, Kaduna, Katsina, and Kebbi state. Stated so directly this seems like little more than common sense. RW COVID-19 page: Find latest updates on global humanitarian responses. They have actually settled in the Zamfara state, setting up fortified enclaves in the hinterland and on the frontiers, from where they plot and carry out their operations. Northwest Nigeria, which used to be the bastion of security and stability, has been hit hard by rural banditry. Curated pages dedicated to humanitarian themes and specific humanitarian crises. Arms Proliferation in Exchange for Gold in the North West. The pace of public executions quickly escalated. Urban banditry was not confined to southern Nigeria. The federal government’s current counter banditry effort, based on military reconnaissance and raids, is good and commendable. background of the armed banditry in zamfara state 8. Chidi Anselm Odinkalu, (December 27, 2018, “Banditry in Nigeria: A brief history of a long war”, The Punch. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the selected macro determinants should attract government attention in Nigeria. An Analysis of the Causes and Consequences of Kidnapping in Nigeria, Motorcycle Theft Victimization in Oyo Town, Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis, Slaying the Dragon: Combating Al-Qaeda and the Threat of Militant Islam, Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. The COVID 19 pandemic has become a global health issue that now intersects with security issues, especially in African countries. Northwestern Nigeria’s forestlands are vast, rugged and hazardous. The state security machinery has so far failed to tackle the scourge of banditry. This requires a tactical synergy between grassroots vigilantes and the state security operatives. The acting Inspector General of Police, (IGP), Mohammed Adamu made the announcement, after a security meeting, held at office of the Chief of Staff to the president, Abba Kyari. Nigeria was globally declared as one of the horrible country to subsist in the world because of the widespread of corruption, injustice, violence and lack of security that exposed many innocent lives to end up in the hitch of kidnappers. Thousands of people have been killed while hundreds of thousands have been displaced by armed attackers in Zamfara since regular banditry returned to the state in 2016. It is envisaged that the study would be beneficial to the government, practitioners of hospitality and tourism industry, hospitality and tourism educators and security agencies. The upsurge in banditry, kidnapping and bloodletting across the country is quite frightening. Careful drivers are at less risk of auto accidents, careless smokers stand a greater chance of setting fire to the house, coal miners suffer disproportionately from pulmonary disease, and mariners are more likely to drown than, say, mountain climbers. Commercial motorcyclists are urged to take all necessary precautions against any situation that can make them susceptible to motorcycle theft victimisation. Mustapha Umar Nadama, (2019) Armed banditry and Internal security in Zamfara State”, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering research, 10 (8) : 1220. IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP AND TECHNICAL PREPAREDNESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES... KIDNAPPING MENACE: CAUSES AND EFFECTS ON HOTEL BUSINESSES IN GHANA, EFFECT OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON STOCK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA. laws, and conventions of war and is usually carried out against a state. by armed group members in the presence of family members. Access your account or create a new one for additional features or to post job or training opportunities. Urban banditry was not confined to southern Nigeria. The study proxy stock performance with total market capitalisation while selected macroeconomic determinants used are foreign workers remittance, foreign portfolio, broad money supply and Gross Domestic Product growth rate. There are competing narratives regarding the causes and nature of the problem of armed banditry in Zamfara and neighboring states. https://theconversation.com/what-can-be-done-to-fight-rural-banditry-in-... ReliefWeb Labs projects explore new and emerging opportunities to improve information delivery to humanitarians. ________________________________________________________________________. They are also grossly under-policed. In most of Nigeria’s rural communities, there are many opportunities for criminal activity. I have explored this situation and its attendant threat in my research. There’s no more effective solution than forceful inland and frontier policing. Illicit artisanal mining and the proliferation of arms in the region are also veritable factors. Crime thrives in contexts where there’s little deterrence. Snowball sampling technique was utilised for the selection of nine victims of motorcycle theft, while 35 FGD participants were purposively chosen. The study tests for stationarity of the time series secondary data with Augmented Dickey Fuller Test and the result of the results of the test suggest that all the data are stationary at first difference, except Gross Domestic Product growth rate that was stationary at level. (2017). The covid-19 pandemic has activated business unusual for the Nigeria law enforcement agencies and fashion unprecedented challenges as crime patterns went virtual away from the physical search, arrest and charge which the agencies are used to. The major objective of this study is to analyze the causes and the consequence of kidnapping in order to provide possible solution with scholastic scrutiny. The meeting […] Nigerian elites behind rising spate of insecurity – Gen Magashi. Finally, the study showed that training anti-kidnapping agencies, heavy punishments for offenders, job creation, and education were possible solutions to the menace of kidnapping in Ghana. can compete with the ever increasing insurgency of kidnapping, armed banditry, drug trafficking, groups, vigilantes, criminal gangs in a violence that has displ, With a population of the region put at 41.8million, the region; which comprises of six States such. Mustapha Umar Nadama, (2019) Armed banditry and Internal security in Zamfara State”, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering research, 10 (8) : 1220. This paper concludes that the blight of kidnapping in Nigeria continue to aggravate due to the gravity of corruption and unemployment that rendered many skillful graduate to become jobless which drive them to desperately looking for a way to survive. Against this background, this qualitative study examined the patterns of motorcycle theft and experiences of victimised commercial motorcyclists in Oyo town. That Securities and Exchange Commission and Nigerian Stock Exchange should strive to improve on market capitalization of stock market by attracting listing and increased trading activities with a platform that put attractive financial assets in the global market. But the governor said there were more issues to the situation than many Nigerians have been led to believe. them as “criminal” groups, gangs or organisations. Rural banditry in the northwestern states of Zamfara… In the north-central region, herdsmen militancy has become a key security concern. Find help on how to use the site, read terms and conditions, view the FAQs and API documentation. Open training opportunities in the humanitarian field. The study The study engaged survey research design; questionnaires were designed in five-point Likert scale to extract primary data. Chidi (2018) Chidi Anselm Odinkalu, (December 27, 2018, “Banditry in Nigeria: A brief history of a long war”, The Punch. Hence, this study takes a critical look at this new wave of crime as well as its implication on the nation. Rather than emphasizing the characteristics of offenders, with this approach we concentrate upon the circumstances in which they carry out predatory criminal acts. All rights reserved. The region has also had its fair share of jihadist attacks especially between 2011 and 2015 where the region witnessed several boko haram attacks. except-kaduna-are-out-of-school-unicef.html. Banditry violence has affected populations living in Nigeria’s Zamfara, Kaduna, Niger, Sokoto, Kebbi and Katsina states in the northwest. Cattle rustling constitutes a valuable source of funding for the terror group. Geography plays a role, too. In states such as Kaduna, Katsina, Zamfara and Kebbi, there exists a clan of livestock bandits who specialise in mass cattle raids. Jigawa, Kaduna, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara, Assess the effect of collaborative efforts, autonomous control. Being a thesis Submitted in accordance with the Requirements politicians, government officials, influential people and kings were reported to have been kidnapped between 2014 and 2017. Retrieved August Kidnapping occurs when a person is abducted and taken from one. However, little empirical information exists on this form of crime. Most of the The North West region's violence has quickly grown into a theatre of wars, spilling into the North Central, forcing more herders southward into the country's Middle Belt and aggravating herder farmer tension not only in affected regions but amongst policy makers and security operatives whose reactive policing style is long overdue for overhauling even as law enforcement agencies are poorly resourced and overstretched. Author Chukwuma Al Okoli Lecturer/Resident Researcher Department of Political Science, Federal University Lafia. The next section tries to impose some order on the various names and terms that have attached themselves to the lifestyle theory of personal victimization developed by Hindelang et al. For one thing, some of these communities are located in remote areas where there is little or no government presence. forestlands and hinterlands that rural banditry can be rested. Briefing State House Correspondents, Adamu said […] News. Furthermore, combating insurgency in the North West can no longer be approached with reactive. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Audu, A. M. (2016). governance at all levels including in non-public enterprises. Open job opportunities in the humanitarian field. Banditry is on the increase in northern Nigeria. Thus, the study recommends that the laws enforcement agencies should use the Covid-19 period to educate, enlighten the populace and link the endangered one to palliative centers rather that the extortion and harassment of the people while government and head of these security agencies should step up the technological and trained manpower level to be equal with the world best standard and practice on law enforcement.
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