(source 1) — From 1840 to 1861, the population of Canada West grew substantially, from 432,000 inhabitants in 1840 to 952,000 in 1851, and 1,396,000 in 1861. For two hundred years, from 1670 to 1870, the Hudson Bay drainage basin was known as Rupert’s Land, honouring the prince’s founding role as first governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company. His loyalty was to his uncle alone, and he had little interest in the complexities of English politics. (This is the full-length entry about the Province of Canada. Religious differences between the three kingdoms—all ruled by one king—as well as disagreements over the power held by Parliament and the monarchy led to the outbreak of war. Instead, the king regarded Rupert as having failed the royalist cause and banished him from England. The dashing prince who did much to shape the direction of Canada was not your run-of-the-mill royal. The king—who was fond of wearing beaver felt hats—was impressed by the explorers’ tales of vast beaver populations in the Hudson Bay region. Timeline List. The Sun King, as he was called, was an important ally and provided Charles with a pension chat allowed him to remain financially independent of the English Parliament. Canada’s purchase of Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company, which had been granted a charter to the area by the British government exactly two centuries earlier. At age nineteen, Rupert left the Netherlands to join a failed campaign to regain his family’s lands in Germany—part of the Thirty Years War. First Battle of Bull Run. Prince Rupert not only left his mark on the map of Canada, he helped to forge the modern nation. His long-rime companion was the actress Margaret “Peg” Hughes. His father was Prince Frederick of the Rhine. While Charles equivocated, Rupert set to work organizing a group of private investors to finance a journey to Hudson Bay. In one letter, Rupert boasted of taking a ship from Newfoundland, saying, “we took all her fish and fried the half.” In Lisbon, Rupert and Maurice received a warm reception from King Joao IV of Portugal, a firm supporter of the royalist cause who hoped to marry his daughter, Catherine of Braganza, to Charles II (they did in fact marry in 1662). Jobs in Canada 1860-1890. When two ships left London on June 3, 1668, Rupert and his fellow investors were rowed up the Thames to bid farewell to Radisson and Des Groseilliers, who sailed with English captains and crew back to the lands they had explored in previous years. These pages tell the stories of Hugh Aiton (1784-1862), his influential Presbyterian minister Andrew Donald (1806-1891), Andrew Aiton (1803-1881), Andrew Aiton (1853-1924), and their families and communities primarily in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. Governor of New Brunswick — Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon 4. His family also lost its land and castle because of the war. Rupert never had the income sufficient for marriage to a princess, but there was nothing to stop him from taking mistresses. The Life of Adele. Moreover, they saw the possibility of a direct trade route between Hudson Bay and Europe. Rupert’s name was all over the royal charter that incorporated the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670, recognizing his pivotal role in the enterprise. The Dakota are part of the larger Dakota nation, which includes the Lakota and Nakota and extends westward to Montana. The governor at the time, the Marquis d’Argenson, feared that establishing trading poses on the shores of Hudson Bay would divert the fur trade away from the French settlements along the St. Lawrence River. The prince’s finances, however, remained straitened by royal standards, and he was eager for opportunities to increase his income. Accompanied by his younger brother Maurice, he escaped from a naval blockade in Ireland and set sail for Portugal, seizing four merchant vessels during the voyage. For what I do is agreeable both to the laws of God and man, in defence of true religion, a King’s prerogative, an uncle’s right, a kingdom’s safety. • Settled in Canada West and Nova Scotia Harriet Tubman • Born a slave in Maryland in the United States • Escaped to Canada West • Helped other slaves escape via Underground Railroad • Made 19 trips to America between 1850 and 1860 • Helped about 70 people escape to Canada West After the restoration ofthe English monarchy in 1660, Rupert was better positioned than the rest of the royal family to consider the extraordinary findings of two French explorers: Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard Chouart Des Groseilliers. West Coast natives preserved fish by drying and smoking. The Inuit lived off Arctic wildlife. For a plain language summary, please see Province of Canada (Plain Language Summary).) One notorious incident attributed to Rupert took place after his Cavalier forces captured Birmingham in April 1643. In the new Upper Canada, land grants were based on the Both had large mercantile fleets and powerful navies; thus their battles took place at sea. These include settlers, soldiers and migrants who came to Canada from the 17 th to the 20 th century. Rupert’s mother realized that sending her brilliant but impetuous third son to England was a bit of a risk. Rupert landed on his feet in France, where he fought with the French army in its war against Spain. 2017.Link.. Any relationship built off deception, lies and prejudice is not one built to last or one that … She escaped to Canada West where she became involved in the Underground Railroad, helping other slaves escape. Who may have lived in the various areas of the map of Canada in 1862? Warfare was common among Aboriginal groups as they competed for land, resources and prestige. Author has 20.6K answers and 5.9M answer views. Elsewhere in the province, most settlers lived along the shores of the St. Lawrence, but settlements were beginning to take root in the Laurentians, on the shores of the Ottawa, Saint-Maurice and Saguenay Rivers, and in the Eastern Townships. Rupert governed the company until his death from pleurisy on November 29, 1682, at the age of sixty-three. Rupert financed the exploratory voyage from funds advanced by King Charles’ personal banker, the Admiralty paymaster, and the customs commissioner, and he persuaded numerous wealthy investors to subscribe to the scheme. No doubt Rupert heard many tales of adventure as Radisson and Des Groseilliers stayed under his roof. North America Canada Johnson Browning Johnson S Lower Canada Upper Canada 1862 Catawiki. However, Aboriginals and Europeans formed strong economic, religious and military bonds in the first 200 years of coexistence which laid the foundations of Canada. When it was discovered in the mid-1800s that the Prairies had enormous farming potential, the British government refused to renew the company’s licence. Today, Prince Rupert’s name remains a part of Canadian geography. The white leaders of the 1913–18 expedition into the Canadian Arctic got the glory but it was the Inuit expedition members who made it all possible. Canada West was settled primarily by English-speaking immigrants. https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Canada_Emigration_and_Immigration The HBC History Foundation enlists Man in Motion hero Rick Hansen to celebrate the explorer and surveyor David Thompson in its second Country of Adventurers history segment. Moreover, the grant of Rupert’s Land to the company discouraged the Americans from expanding northward after the Thirteen Colonies declared their independence in the late eighteenth century. Despite all this, the man behind the name on the map is virtually unknown to Canadians. Rupert certainly left his mark on the map of Canada. Canadian history does not begin with the arrival of European explorers over 500 years ago; people have been living in the country that we now call Canada for thousands of years. In his will, the prince left a sizeable inheritance to his mistress and his daughter. Previously, the Hudson’s Bay Company had an exclusive licence to trade in this area, which stretched west to the colony of British Columbia and north to the Arctic Circle. The Underground Railroad was a secret, informal network of hiding places and caring individuals that led American slaves from the United States to"Free States" and to freedom in Canada. His mother, however, thought it was a silly idea. These people had lived on the northern half of the North American continent ever since homo sapiens first arrived from Asia, most likely via the Bering Land Bridge, around 21,000 B.C. The restless young prince was very keen to carry out an English proposal to establish a colony on the island of Madagascar off the southeast coast of Africa and to have himself act as governor. You will not receive a reply. Civil War States Map Elegant April 1861 April 1862 The Civil War In. Group of native warriors during the Dakota Wars, 1862. Below are maps of Canada … The civil war was actually three distinct conflicts that pitted parliamentarians against royalists and involved the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Rupert lost no time getting to work. We asked for your brushes with royalty and you told us. “The prince was rough and passionate and loved not debate,” according to his contemporary Edward Hyde, the Earl of Clarendon, in his history of the English Civil War. Over the course of his lifetime, he would become a soldier, an artist, a general, a privateer, and a scientist. Since the company’s focus was business, not colonization, Rupert’s negotiations with the king focused exclusively on financial matters—such as exempting trade goods bound for Rupert’s Land from customary duties. Rupert applied his formidable energy and intellect to a wide variety of professions. Since Rupert had plenty of military experience, and since King Charles I was his uncle, he joined the royalist cause in 1642 and became its foremost military commander. Seeing a business opportunity, Cartwright persuaded the two to return with him to England and to present their scheme before the court of Charles II. They hunted the caribou and followed its migration pattern. https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Germany_Emigration_and_Immigration 1860. A final search of the palace by the royal chamberlain saved baby Rupert, who was tossed into the last carriage to leave the castle. Section. 1800 to 1866. While thinking over what to do, Charles made sure his French guests had a pleasant stay. Make a donation to Canada’s History Society. This secret network is believed to have been started at the end of the 18th century. Despite the carnage of the battle, Hard survived and lived to fight another day. Posts about John McDonell 1861 to abt 1862 written by BJ MacDonald. Rupert delighted in his new family, purchasing a stately home for his mistress and child. Their daughter, Ruperta, was born in 1673. When the first European explorers came to Canada they found all regions occupied by native peoples they called “Indians,” thinking they had reached the East Indies. In 1873, Prince Edward Island, which had previously declined an offer to join Confederation, became Canada's seventh province. Thanks to the servant’s quick action, Rupert survived to grow up in exile, land at the court of his English royal relatives as an adult, and use his influence to establish the Hudson’s Bay Company, thereby shaping Canada’s destiny. Rupert dismissed these accounts as “hackney, rambling pamphlets” and insisted that he had spared the city and that the fire occurred contrary to his command after he had left the area. All they needed was someone to finance an exploratory trip to Hudson Bay. His uncle’s diplomacy eventually got him out of prison, and by 1642 twenty-three-year-old Rupert was in England serving as Charles I’s right hand military man during the English Civil War. Video Spotlight: U.S. Dakota War of 1862. He experimented with improvements to gunpowder, shot, and guns. Then, in 1905, the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta were created, completing the map of Western Canada. The selling price was 300,000 pounds sterling. The Restoration brought the forty-one-year-old Rupert more stability than he had enjoyed at any other time in his life. During that time, he set the tone for the company’s next few centuries of activities in what is now Canada. It later expanded into a political conflict involving the Kingdom of France and the Hapsburg dynasty. While experienced courtiers were careful to speak without giving offence, Rupert expressed his opinions without reserve, a trait that impressed his uncle the king and that would later enable Rupert to successfully argue the merits of establishing an English fur-trading empire on the remote shores of Hudson Bay. As he grew into a young man, Rupert realized that his family would not be going home to a comfortable royal inheritance anytime soon. Almost half the population (42.5%) lived in the Montréal area. After decades of service to his English royal relatives, Rupert finally had his reward. For enquiries, contact us. What better way to take note of major events during Her Majesty's reign than a look at the Royal Stamp Collection? Ottawa newlyweds arrive on the shore of Great Slave Lake before a summer in the Northwest Territories. Frederick was a Calvinist, so, when Protestant Bohemians in Prague rebelled against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, he took their side, becoming king of Bohemia (the modern-day Czech Republic) in 1619. Five years prior, in 1862, a man named Henry McKenney was ridiculed for purchasing a parcel of land covered in a tangle of scrub oak and poplar a quarter-mile north the forks. You can help make our past relevant, engaging, empowering and accessible. His journals from the voyage carefully catalogued the resources on each of the Caribbean islands he had visited with his fleet. Patrick’s wife Bridget lived for another 17 years, dying on June 9, … He married Margaret May Marshall on 4 January 1888, in Spa Springs, Annapolis, Nova Scotia, Canada. With the Thirty Years War raging on the continent, she urged her son to return to Holland and to serve as a soldier under the Prince of Orange. Few documents remain from this time, but the stories continue to intrigue people who hear about it. Carolyn Harris, a Canadian historian who specializes in royalty, reveals in this interview that few Canadians realize that Canada’s early destiny was steered by a swashbuckling cavalier. At that time in Europe, beaver had become scarce. Escoumins, Les, Quebec, Canada (1852 – 1862) The location of Les Escoumins is on the north bank of the St. Lawrence River, about 30 kilometres upriver from Tadoussac and the mouth of the Saguenay. In 1791, the former Province of Quebec was divided into two territories: Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec). He lost booty as well as his younger brother Maurice. The history section of the Hudson’s Bay Company’s website acknowledges that “it took the vision and connections of Prince Rupert, cousin of King Charles II, to acquire the Royal Charter which, in May, 1670 granted the lands of the Hudson Bay watershed to ‘the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay.’”. Thom's Almanac and Official Directory for the Year 1862. However, when the British North America Act, 1867, (now the Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982) created the new Dominion of Canada, there were only four provinces – Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Elizabeth has lived longer than any other British monarch, and her reign is the longest in Commonwealth history. But most of all he would be an explorer and traveller, eager to find new possibilities in new lands. Prince Rupert’s exile as an infant from Prague to the Netherlands came as a consequence of the Thirty Years War. The arrival of European traders, missionaries, soldiers and colonists changed the native way of life forever. The Hudson’s Bay Company retained its monopoly in the Hudson Bay watershed until the purchase of Rupert’s Land by the Dominion of Canada in 1870. Nevertheless, he was initially reluctant to involve England in the North American fur trade because that would put him into conflict with his first cousin—French King Louis XIV. Gravestone of Patrick Shields (Sr.) [10]. PRESENTS Historical Maps of Canada Pre-Confederation 1662 to 1862. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 12 daughters. The same treaty also erased his chance at obtaining a royal inheritance. From 1791 to 1841 the region was known as Upper Canada and from 1841 to 1867 as Canada West, though the two names continued to be employed interchangeably. Who is Victoria and why do we have a holiday named after her? We have received a number of requests for historical maps of Canada. At the age of twenty-nine, with no inheritance coming to him, Rupert patched up his relationship with his English relatives and embarked on a new life as a privateer. The two French explorers had undertaken expeditions into regions of modern-day Canada that were virtually unknown to Europeans. After great debate and two referenda, the people of Newfoundland voted to join Confederation in 1949, creating Canada’s tenth province. During that time he was allowed to hunt and to pursue other pastimes, including a romance with the daughter of the local governor. The Cree and Dene of the Northwest were hunter-gatherers. “As for Rupert’s romance of Madagascar, it sounds like one of Don Quixote’s conquests where he promised his trusty squire to make him king of an island,” Elizabeth wrote. Get exclusive content you won’t find in our magazines. To their surprise, Radisson and Des Groseilliers found that there was little interest in their discovery among the ruling elite of New France.
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